00080REM TUT7 00100GOTO130 00110PRINT"NO SUCH CHOICE. LETS TRY AGAIN - WHICH ONE"; 00120RETURN 00130PRINT"FOR A LOOP, WE NEED SPECIAL MACHINE INSTRUCTIONS. WHAT FORM" 00140PRINT"THESE TAKE DEPENDS ON HOW THE COMPUTER IS TOLD THE NUMBER OF" 00150PRINT"NECESSARY ITERATIONS. IT MAY BE ASKED TO DECIDE THIS, WHICH" 00160PRINT"MEANS THAT 'DECISION-MAKING' CAN ENTER INTO THE LOOP PROCESS." 00170PRINT 00180PRINT"IN THE PROGRAM FOR COMPUTING RADIUS VECTORS, THE COMPUTER MADE" 00190PRINT"A DECISION AS TO HOW MANY RADIUS VECTORS TO COMPUTE, BASED ON" 00200PRINT"THE AMOUNT OF DATA PROVIDED. THERE ARE MANY REASONS WHY SUCH A" 00210PRINT"MEANS OF DECISION-MAKING IS IMPRACTICAL FOR ORDINARY PURPOSES." 00220PRINT"FOR ONE THING, YOU MAY NOT WANT TO USE ALL OF THE DATA FOR A" 00230PRINT"PARTICULAR 'RUN'. OTHER REASONS WILL SUGGEST THEMSELVES." 00240PRINT 00250PRINT"ORDINARY DECISION-MAKING IS DONE BY MEANS OF ONE OF THESE FOUR" 00260PRINT"CODE WORDS: (1) 'NEXT' (2) 'THEN' (3) 'IF' OR (4) 'FOR'" 00270PRINT"WHICH DO YOU THINK IT MIGHT BE (USE THE NUMBER OF THE CHOICE," 00280PRINT"FOLLOWING MY QUESTION MARK).."; 00290INPUTQ 00300PRINT 00310IFQ<=4THEN 340 00320GOSUB110 00330GOTO250 00340IFQ=3THEN 370 00350PRINT"THIS IS USED FOR SOMETHING ELSE. TRY AGAIN. WHICH ONE"; 00360GOTO 290 00370PRINT"YOU'RE RIGHT. 'IF' WARNS THE COMPUTER THAT IT IS TO MAKE A" 00380PRINT"CHOICE, BASED ON A GIVEN CONDITION. OF COURSE SINCE A COMPUTER" 00390PRINT"CAN'T ACTUALLY THINK (ALMOST BUT NOT QUITE) IT NEEDS ANOTHER" 00400PRINT"CODE WORD TO TELL IT WHAT TO DO BASED ON THE CHOICE.THAT OTHER WORD" 00410PRINT"IS ALSO ONE OF THOSE FOUR LISTED ABOVE. WHICH DO YOU SUGGEST" 00420PRINT"IT MIGHT BE (REMEMBER - SINCE YOU'VE ALREADY PICKED '3' FOR" 00430PRINT"THE FIRST QUESTION, IT COULDN'T BE THE RIGHT CHOICE HERE).."; 00440INPUTJ 00450PRINT 00460IFJ=2THEN 490 00470PRINT"YOU SHOULD HAVE TYPED '2', BECAUSE 'THEN' IS THE WORD THAT" 00480GOTO 500 00490PRINT"VERY GOOD. AND TO EXPLAIN: THE WORD 'THEN' IS THE ONE THAT" 00500PRINT"CONDITIONALLY (I.E., DEPENDING ON SOME CONDITION) 'CLUES' THE" 00510PRINT"MACHINE AS TO JUST WHAT STATEMENT (IDENTIFIED BY LINE NUMBER)" 00520PRINT"IS TO BE USED NEXT IN THE PROGRAM. 'IF' AND 'THEN' ARE COMBINED" 00530PRINT"IN A PATICULAR WAY. ONE OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE CORRECT FORM:" 00550PRINT 00560PRINT" (1) IF X=4 THEN 355 (3) IF X EQUALS 4 THEN 355" 00570PRINT 00580PRINT" (2) IF X THEN 355 (4) IF X IS 4 THEN 355" 00590PRINT 00600PRINT"PICK THE ONE (NUMBER OF CHOICE) WHICH SEEMS CORRECT. WHICH ONE"; 00610INPUTL 00620PRINT 00630IFL=1THEN 730 00640IFL=2THEN 710 00650IFL=3THEN 690 00660IFL=4THEN 690 00670GOSUB 110 00680GOTO 610 00690PRINT"NO, BUT YOU HAVE THE RIGHT IDEA. SO WHICH MUST IT BE" ; 00700GOTO 610 00710PRINT"THIS DOESN'T ACTUALLY PUT ANY CONDITION ON 'X'. WHICH OTHER ONE"; 00720GOTO 610 00730PRINT"YOU FIGURED THAT ONE OUT. THE '=' SYMBOL, RATHER THAN THE WORD" 00740PRINT"'EQUALS', IS NECESSARY, AND 'X=4' PUTS A CONDITION ON 'X'. THE" 00750PRINT"'355' IS A LEGITIMATE LINE NUMBER, SINCE ANY LINE NUMBER" 00760PRINT"THROUGH 99999 IS ACCEPTABLE. THE COMPUTER WILL TRANSFER CONTROL" 00770PRINT"TO LINE 355 ONLY IF 'X' IS EXACTLY 4; OTHERWISE IT WILL" 00780PRINT"IGNORE THE INSTRUCTION AND CONTINUE WITH THE NEXT ONE." 782PRINT:PRINT"ACTUALLY, AFTER THE WORD 'THEN' YOU CAN EITHER PUT A LINE NUMBER" 784PRINT"OR ANY VALID BASIC STATEMENT. FOR EXAMPLE:" 785PRINTTAB(25);"IF A<0 THEN LET A=A+1" 786PRINT"IN THIS CASE IF A IS NEGATIVE, THE NEW VALUE OF A IS ONE" 788PRINT"GREATER THAN THE OLD VALUE OF A." 00790PRINT 00800PRINT"LET'S PLAY A MATCHING GAME WITH THE FOLLOWING:" 00810PRINT 00820PRINT" (A) 'IS EQUAL TO' (1) > (6) <>" 00830PRINT" (B) 'IS NOT EQUAL TO' (2) => (7) >=" 00840PRINT" (C) 'IS LESS THAN' (3) >< (8) <" 00850PRINT" (D) 'IS GREATER THAN' (4) <= (9) =<" 00860PRINT" (E) 'IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO' (5) =" 00870PRINT" (F) 'IS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO'" 00880PRINT 00890PRINT"THE THREE SYMBOLS '=', '<', AND '>', SHOWN ALONE AND IN VARIOUS" 00900PRINT"COMBINATIONS IN THE CHOICES (1) THROUGH (9), GIVE CONDITIONAL" 00910PRINT"CONTROL TO THE 'IF' STATEMENT. SIX OF THE CHOICES HAVE MEANINGS" 00920PRINT"GIVEN BY THE LETTER-IDENTIFIED LIST (A) THROUGH (F). NOW" 00930PRINT"SEE IF YOU CAN MATCH THE SYMBOLS WITH THE MEANINGS." 00940PRINT"DECIDE WHAT SEQUENCE OF NUMBER CHOICES AGREE WITH THE LETTER" 00950PRINT"SEQUENCE, AND TYPE THOSE SIX NUMBERS SEPARATED BY COMMAS (FOR" 00960PRINT"INSTANCE, IF YOU WERE TO SELECT THE FIRST 6 IN ORDER, YOU WOULD" 00970PRINT"TYPE THEM AS: 1,2,3,4,5,6). WHAT'S YOUR ANSWER.." ; 00980INPUTA,B,C,D,E,F 00990PRINT 01000IFA<>5THEN 1080 01010IFB<>6THEN 1080 01020IFC<>8THEN 1080 01030IFD<>1THEN 1080 01040IFE<>4THEN 1080 01050IFF<>7THEN 1080 01060PRINT"NICE GOING - YOU GOT IT COMPLETELY RIGHT. SO NOW REMEMBER THAT" 01070GOTO 1160 01080PRINT"WON'T WORK. IF YOU WANT ME TO TELL YOU, TYPE 'YES' - IF YOU WANT" 1090PRINT"TO TRY AGAIN, TYPE 'NO' OR ANYTHING ELSE. WHAT'S YOUR PLEASURE"; 01100INPUT G$ 01110PRINT 01120 IF G$='YES' THEN 1150 01130PRINT"OK....THEN WHAT DO YOU THINK THE COMBINATION IS" ; 01140GOTO 980 01150PRINT"WELL, YOU SHOULD HAVE HAD 5,6,8,1,4,7 IN THAT ORDER. YOU SEE," 01160PRINT"'=' MEANS 'IS EQUAL TO', '<>' MEANS 'IS NOT EQUAL TO', '<'" 01170PRINT"MEANS 'IS LESS THAN', '>' MEANS 'IS GREATER THAN' '<=' MEANS" 01180PRINT"'IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO', AND '>=' MEANS 'IS GREATER THAN OR" 01190PRINT"EQUAL TO'. THE SYMBOLS NOT USED ABOVE ARE INVALID." 01200PRINT 01210PRINT"NOW THAT YOU UNDERSTAND 'IF' AND 'THEN', LET'S SEE HOW WE CAN" 01220PRINT"USE THEM TO CONTROL ITERATIONS. THIS WILL BE AN 'IF' LOOP, AND" 01230PRINT"THE COMPUTER WILL DECIDE THE NUMBER OF TIMES WE GO THROUGH IT." 01240PRINT"WE'LL TAKE A LOOK AT AN EXAMPLE OF THIS AND WORK OUT A USABLE" 01250PRINT"SOLUTION, BUT FIRST WE'LL NEED TO CALL IN A DIFFERENT PROGRAM" 01260PRINT"FROM THE LIBRARY. YOU SHOULD BE GETTING GOOD AT CALLING THESE" 01270PRINT"BY NOW. THIS NEXT ONE IS 'TUTR08' - SO CALL IT AND WE'LL SEE YOU THERE." 01280END